Professional knowledge: list by number of occupations

Areas of professional knowledge: principles, rules, methods, materials and technologies. The ones the most occupations require come first.

Items 1–100 of 3,052

  1. Quality standards

    The national and international requirements, specifications and guidelines to ensure that products, services and processes are of good quality and fit for purpose.

    knowledgeneeded in 305 occupations

  2. Mechanics

    Theoretical and practical applications of the science studying the action of displacements and forces on physical bodies to the development of machinery and mechanical devices.

    knowledgeneeded in 250 occupations

  3. Engineering principles

    The engineering elements like functionality, replicability, and costs in relation to the design and how they are applied in the completion of engineering projects.

    knowledgeneeded in 177 occupations

  4. Mathematics

    Mathematics is the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change.

    knowledgeneeded in 161 occupations

  5. Electricity

    The principles of electricity and electrical power circuits, as well as the associated risks.

    knowledgeneeded in 161 occupations

  6. Scientific research methodology

    The theoretical methodology used in scientific research involving doing background research, constructing an hypothesis, testing it, analysing data and concluding the results.

    knowledgeneeded in 152 occupations

  7. Electronics

    The functioning of electronic circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including programming and applications.

    knowledgeneeded in 137 occupations

  8. Product comprehension

    The offered products, their functionalities, properties and legal and regulatory requirements.

    knowledgeneeded in 136 occupations

  9. Technical drawings

    Drawing software and the various symbols, perspectives, units of measurement, notation systems, visual styles and page layouts used in technical drawings.

    knowledgeneeded in 136 occupations

  10. Curriculum objectives

    The goals identified in curricula and defined learning outcomes.

    knowledgeneeded in 134 occupations

  11. Company policies

    The set of rules that govern the activity of a company.

    knowledgeneeded in 123 occupations

  12. Learning difficulties

    The learning disorders some students face in an academic context, especially Specific Learning Difficulties such as dyslexia, dyscalculia, and concentration deficit disorders.

    knowledgeneeded in 123 occupations

  13. Project management

    The discipline of project management, the activities which comprise this area and the variables implied in it, such as time, resources, requirements, deadlines, and responding to…

    knowledgeneeded in 118 occupations

  14. Assessment processes

    Various evaluation techniques, theories, and tools applicable in the assessment of students, participants in a programme, and employees.

    knowledgeneeded in 112 occupations

  15. Statistics

    The study of statistical theory, methods and practices such as collection, organisation, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.

    knowledgeneeded in 111 occupations

  16. Electrical engineering

    The field of engineering that deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

    knowledgeneeded in 110 occupations

  17. CAD software

    The computer-aided design (CAD) software for creating, modifying, analysing or optimising a design.

    knowledgeneeded in 105 occupations

  18. Customer service

    Processes and principles related to the customer, client, service user and to personal services; these may include procedures to evaluate customer's or service user's satisfaction.

    knowledgeneeded in 101 occupations

  19. Physics

    The natural science involving the study of matter, motion, energy, force and related notions.

    knowledgeneeded in 101 occupations

  20. Chemistry

    The composition, structure, and properties of substances and the processes and transformations that they undergo; the uses of different chemicals and their interactions…

    knowledgeneeded in 101 occupations

  21. Types of metal

    Qualities, specifications, applications and reactions to different fabricating processes of various types of metal, such as steel, aluminium, brass, copper and others.

    knowledgeneeded in 97 occupations

  22. Employment law

    The law which mediates the relationship between employees and employers.

    knowledgeneeded in 96 occupations

  23. Manufacturing processes

    The steps required through which a material is transformed into a product, its development and full-scale manufacturing.

    knowledgeneeded in 92 occupations

  24. Teamwork principles

    The cooperation between people characterised by a unified commitment to achieving a given goal, participating equally, maintaining open communication, facilitating effective usage…

    knowledgeneeded in 90 occupations

  25. International commercial transactions rules

    Pre-defined commercial terms used in international commercial transactions which stipulate clear tasks, costs and risks associated with the delivery of goods and services.

    knowledgeneeded in 88 occupations

  26. Copyright legislation

    Legislation describing the protection of the rights of original authors over their work, and how others can use it.

    knowledgeneeded in 88 occupations

  27. Mechanical engineering

    Discipline that applies principles of physics, engineering and materials science to design, analyse, manufacture and maintain mechanical systems.

    knowledgeneeded in 88 occupations

  28. Corporate social responsibility

    The handling or managing of business processes in a responsible and ethical manner considering the economic responsibility towards shareholders as equally important as the…

    knowledgeneeded in 86 occupations

  29. Characteristics of products

    The tangible characteristics of a product such as its materials, properties and functions, as well as its different applications, features, use and support requirements.

    knowledgeneeded in 82 occupations

  30. International import export regulations

    The principles that govern the import and export of products and equipment, trade restrictions, health and safety measures, licenses, etc.

    knowledgeneeded in 82 occupations

  31. Environmental legislation

    The environmental policies and legislation applicable in a certain domain.

    knowledgeneeded in 82 occupations

  32. Sales strategies

    The principles concerning customer behaviour and target markets with the aim of promotion and sales of a product or a service.

    knowledgeneeded in 81 occupations

  33. Ferrous metal processing

    Various processing methods on iron and iron-containing alloys such as steel, stainless steel and pig iron.

    knowledgeneeded in 78 occupations

  34. Characteristics of services

    The characteristics of a service that might include having acquired information about its application, function, features, use and support requirements.

    knowledgeneeded in 77 occupations

  35. Types of metal manufacturing processes

    Metal processes linked to the different types of metal, such as casting processes, heat treatment processes, repair processes and other metal manufacturing processes.

    knowledgeneeded in 76 occupations

  36. CAE software

    The software to perform computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis tasks such as Finite Element Analysis and Computional Fluid Dynamics.

    knowledgeneeded in 75 occupations

  37. Electromechanics

    The engineering processes that combine electrical and mechanical engineering in the application of electromechanics in devices that need electricity to create mechanical movement…

    knowledgeneeded in 73 occupations

  38. Embargo regulations

    The national, international and foreign sanctions and embargo regulations, e.g.

    knowledgeneeded in 72 occupations

  39. Biology

    Tissues, cells, and functions of plant and animal organisms and their interdependencies and interactions with each other and the environment.

    knowledgeneeded in 72 occupations

  40. Human anatomy

    The dynamic relationship of human structure and function and the muscosceletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, urinary, reproductive, integumentary and nervous…

    knowledgeneeded in 71 occupations

  41. Quality assurance methodologies

    Quality assurance principles, standard requirements, and the set of processes and activities used for measuring, controlling and ensuring the quality of products and processes.

    knowledgeneeded in 71 occupations

  42. Cost management

    The process of planning, monitoring and adjusting the expenses and revenues of a business in order to achieve cost efficiency and capability.

    knowledgeneeded in 71 occupations

  43. Instructional strategies

    The techniques that instructors use to deliver lessons.

    knowledgeneeded in 70 occupations

  44. Design drawings

    The drawings detailing the design of products, tools, and engineering systems.

    knowledgeneeded in 70 occupations

  45. Health, safety and hygiene legislation

    The set of health, safety and hygiene standards and items of legislation applicable in a specific sector.

    knowledgeneeded in 69 occupations

  46. Animal welfare legislation

    The legal boundaries, codes of professional conduct, national and EU regulatory frameworks and legal procedures of working with animals and living organisms, ensuring their…

    knowledgeneeded in 66 occupations

  47. Accounting techniques

    The techniques of recording and summarising business and financial transactions and analysing, verifying, and reporting the results.

    knowledgeneeded in 66 occupations

  48. Sales argumentation

    Techniques and sales methods used in order to present a product or service to customers in a persuasive manner and to meet their expectations and needs.

    knowledgeneeded in 65 occupations

  49. Properties of textile materials

    The characteristics and properties of different textile and fabric materials.

    knowledgeneeded in 65 occupations

  50. Supply chain management

    The flow of goods in the supply chain, movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption.

    knowledgeneeded in 64 occupations

  51. Automation technology

    Set of technologies that make a process, system, or apparatus operate automatically through the use of control systems.

    knowledgeneeded in 64 occupations

  52. Funding methods

    The financial possibilities for funding projects such as the traditional ones, namely loans, venture capital, public or private grants up to alternative methods such as…

    knowledgeneeded in 64 occupations

  53. E-commerce systems

    Basic digital architecture and commercial transactions for trading products or services conducted via Internet, e-mail, mobile devices, social media, etc.

    knowledgeneeded in 63 occupations

  54. Laboratory techniques

    Techniques applied in the different fields of natural science in order to obtain experimental data such as gravimetric analysis, gas chromatography, electronic or thermic methods.

    knowledgeneeded in 63 occupations

  55. First aid

    The emergency treatment given to a sick or injured person in the case of circulatory and/or respiratory failure, unconsciousness, wounds, bleeding, shock or poisoning.

    knowledgeneeded in 63 occupations

  56. Pollution prevention

    The processes used to prevent pollution: precautions to pollution of the environment, procedures to counter pollution and associated equipment, and possible measures to protect…

    knowledgeneeded in 63 occupations

  57. Social justice

    The development and principles of human rights and social justice and the way they should be applied on a case by case basis.

    knowledgeneeded in 61 occupations

  58. Types of wood

    Types of wood, such as birch, pine, poplar, mahogany, maple and tulipwood.

    knowledgeneeded in 61 occupations

  59. Social sciences

    The development and characteristics of sociological, anthropological, psychological, political, and social policy theories.

    knowledgeneeded in 60 occupations

  60. Sales activities

    The supply of goods, sale of goods and the related financial aspects.

    knowledgeneeded in 60 occupations

  61. Labour legislation

    Legislation, on a national or international level, that governs labour conditions in various fields between labour parties such as the government, employees, employers, and trade…

    knowledgeneeded in 60 occupations

  62. Legal requirements in the social sector

    The prescribed legislative and regulatory requirements in the social sector.

    knowledgeneeded in 59 occupations

  63. Economics

    Economic principles and practices, financial and commodity markets, banking and the analysis of financial data.

    knowledgeneeded in 58 occupations

  64. Design principles

    The elements used in design such as unity, scale, proportion, balance, symmetry, space, form, texture, colour, light, shade and congruence and their application into practice.

    knowledgeneeded in 58 occupations

  65. Disability types

    The nature and types of disabilities affecting the human beings such as physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional or developmental and the specific needs and access…

    knowledgeneeded in 58 occupations

  66. Health and safety regulations

    Necessary health, safety, hygiene and environmental standards and legislation rules in the sector of particular activity.

    knowledgeneeded in 57 occupations

  67. Hydraulics

    The power transmission systems that use the force of flowing liquids to transmit power.

    knowledgeneeded in 57 occupations

  68. Budgetary principles

    Principles of estimating and planning of forecasts for business activity, compile regular budget and reports.

    knowledgeneeded in 57 occupations

  69. Government policy implementation

    The procedures related to the application of government policies at all levels of public administration.

    knowledgeneeded in 56 occupations

  70. Computer programming

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms (e.g. object oriented programming…

    knowledgeneeded in 56 occupations

  71. Geology

    Solid earth, rock types, structures and the processes by which they are altered.

    knowledgeneeded in 54 occupations

  72. Banking activities

    The broad and continuously growing banking activities and financial products managed by banks ranging from personal banking, corporate banking, investment banking, private…

    knowledgeneeded in 54 occupations

  73. JavaScript

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in JavaScript.

    knowledgeneeded in 54 occupations

  74. Quality assurance procedures

    The procedures to inspect a product or system to ensure that it is according to specifications and requirements.

    knowledgeneeded in 53 occupations

  75. Financial management

    The field of finance that concerns the practical process analysis and tools for designating financial resources.

    knowledgeneeded in 53 occupations

  76. Pedagogy

    The discipline that concerns the theory and practice of education including the various instructional methods for educating individuals or groups.

    knowledgeneeded in 53 occupations

  77. Quality and cycle time optimisation

    The most optimal rotation or cycle time and over-all quality of a tool or a machine's processes.

    knowledgeneeded in 52 occupations

  78. Project management principles

    Different elements and phases of project management.

    knowledgeneeded in 52 occupations

  79. Geographic information systems

    The tools involved in geographical mapping and positioning, such as GPS (global positioning systems), GIS (geographical information systems), and RS (remote sensing).

    knowledgeneeded in 51 occupations

  80. Tax legislation

    Tax legislation applicable to a specific area of specialisation, such as import tax, government tax, etc.

    knowledgeneeded in 51 occupations

  81. SAS language

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in SAS language.

    knowledgeneeded in 51 occupations

  82. Financial statements

    The set of financial records disclosing the financial position of a company at the end of a set period or of the accounting year.

    knowledgeneeded in 50 occupations

  83. PHP

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in PHP.

    knowledgeneeded in 50 occupations

  84. Psychology

    The human behaviour and performance with individual differences in ability, personality, interests, learning, and motivation.

    knowledgeneeded in 49 occupations

  85. Art history

    The history of art and artists, the artistic trends throughout centuries and their contemporary evolutions.

    knowledgeneeded in 49 occupations

  86. Multimedia systems

    The methods, procedures and techniques pertaining to the operation of multimedia systems, usually a combination of software and hardware, presenting various types of media such as…

    knowledgeneeded in 49 occupations

  87. Python (computer programming)

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in Python.

    knowledgeneeded in 49 occupations

  88. AJAX

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in AJAX.

    knowledgeneeded in 49 occupations

  89. Freight transport methods

    The different modalities of freight transport such as air, sea, or intermodal freight transport, including the details and procedures specific to them.

    knowledgeneeded in 48 occupations

  90. Human physiology

    The science that studies the human organs and its interactions and mechanisms.

    knowledgeneeded in 48 occupations

  91. Electrical wiring plans

    Pictorial representation of an electrical circuit.

    knowledgeneeded in 48 occupations

  92. International business

    The processes related to production or distribution of goods and services across borders.

    knowledgeneeded in 48 occupations

  93. Scientific literature

    The medium of informing the scientific community, including academic researchers, about the results of scientific research.

    knowledgeneeded in 47 occupations

  94. Business management principles

    Principles governing business management methods such as strategy planning, methods of efficient production, people and resources coordination.

    knowledgeneeded in 47 occupations

  95. Energy performance of buildings

    Factors that contribute to lower energy consumption of buildings.

    knowledgeneeded in 47 occupations

  96. Java (computer programming)

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in Java.

    knowledgeneeded in 47 occupations

  97. C++

    The techniques and principles of software development, such as analysis, algorithms, coding, testing and compiling of programming paradigms in C++.

    knowledgeneeded in 47 occupations

  98. Securities

    The financial instruments traded in financial markets representing both the right of property over the owner and at the same time, the obligation of payment over the issuer.

    knowledgeneeded in 46 occupations

  99. Cloud technologies

    The technologies which enable access to hardware, software, data and services through remote servers and software networks irrespective of their location and architecture.

    knowledgeneeded in 46 occupations

  100. Mechatronics

    Multidisciplinary field of engineering that combines principles of electrical engineering, telecommunications engineering, control engineering, computer engineering, and…

    knowledgeneeded in 46 occupations

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